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Characterising populations living close to intensive farming and composting facilities in England

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1332-z

摘要：

• Bioaerosol emitted from farming and composting facilities may pose health risks.

关键词： Composting     Intensive farming     Bioaerosol     Population characteristics     Public health    

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LARGE-SCALE FARMING BENEFITS SOIL ACIDIFICATION ALLEVIATION THROUGH IMPROVED FIELD MANAGEMENT IN BANANA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第1期   页码 48-60 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022475

摘要：

● Large farms had the highest average yield and the least yield variation.

关键词： plantations     land transfer     large-scale farming     nutrient management     soil acidification    

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Model for the Coordinated Development of a Circular Economy in China and Its Application to Energy-intensive

Ji-liang Zheng,Chen Zheng,Pan Chen,Ching Yuan Luk

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2014年 第1卷 第4期   页码 364-371 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2014053

摘要： Energy-intensive industries (EIIs) are fundamental to the industrial development of China and are also the key industries of a circular economic infrastructure. It is worth paying attention to the coordinated development of a circular economy using EIIs due to the present interrelationship among EIIs. It is related to the optimization and comprehensive performance improvement of a circular economy. Based on the perspective of order parameter, this study uses economic and environmental subsystems to establish an evaluation model that examines the coordinated development of a circular economy within six main EIIs and an EII cluster from 2006 to 2011 in China. The result shows that the level of coordinated development in a circular economy among six EIIs differs and the level of coordinated development of circular economy among the EII cluster lags behind that of each EII examined. It also shows that the outside coordinated degree of EIIs is lower than the inside coordinated degree of each EII.

关键词： order parameter     coordinated degree evaluation     energy-intensive industry     circular economy    

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REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SOIL NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN DIVERSE CROPLAND OF A REPRESENTATIVE INTENSIVE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第4期   页码 530-540 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023515

摘要：

Soil nitrogen mineralization (Nmin) is a key process that converts organic N into mineral N that controls soil N availability to plants. However, regional assessments of soil Nmin in cropland and its affecting factors are lacking, especially in relation to variation in elevation. In this study, a 4-week incubation experiment was implemented to measure net soil Nmin rate, gross nitrification (Nit) rate and corresponding soil abiotic properties in five field soils (A–C, maize; D, flue-cured tobacco; and E, vegetables; with elevation decreasing from A to E) from different altitudes in a typical intensive agricultural area in Dali City, Yunnan Province, China. The results showed that soil Nmin rate ranged from 0.10 to 0.17 mg·kg−1·d−1 N, with the highest value observed in field E, followed by fields D, C, B, and A, which indicated that soil Nmin and Nit rates varied between fields, decreasing with elevation. The soil Nit rate ranged from 434.2 to 827.1 µg·kg−1·h−1 N, with the highest value determined in field D, followed by those in fields E, C, B, and A. The rates of soil Nmin and Nit were positively correlated with several key soil parameters, including total soil N, dissolved organic carbon and dissolved inorganic N across all fields, which indicated that soil variables regulated soil Nmin and Nit in cropland fields. In addition, a strong positive relationship was observed between soil Nmin and Nit. These findings provide a greater understanding of the response of soil Nmin among cropland fields related to spatial variation. It is suggested that the soil Nmin from cropland should be considered in the evaluation of the N transformations at the regional scale.

关键词： cropland     gross nitrification rate     regulatory factors     soil nitrogen mineralization     spatial variation    

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Reducing the environmental footprint of food and farming with Agriculture Green Development

William J. DAVIES, Jianbo SHEN

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第1期   页码 1-4 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019311

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Evaluation of automated in-line precision dairy farming technology implementation in three dairy farms

Maria CARIA, Giuseppe TODDE, Antonio PAZZONA

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第6卷 第2期   页码 181-187 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019252

摘要：

In recent decades, dairy farms have been exposed to wide variation in profit levels due to a considerable variability of milk price, and energy and feed costs. Consequently, it is necessary for the dairy industry to improve efficiency and productivity by adopting innovative technologies. The automated in-parlour milk analysis and separation is mainly useful to produce low or high quality milk and to monitor the animal health status. Milk with high levels of protein and fat contents may reduce the intensity of standardization during cheesemaking process, reducing production costs. The study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of real-time milk separation during milking and the performance of the milking machine after implementation of AfiMilk MCS. In addition, the economic aspects were assessed. The separation of milk required the existing milking parlors to be equipped with an additional milkline to allow channeling milk with low and high coagulation properties into two different cooling tanks. The results showed that the high coagulation milk fraction, compared to the bulk milk, increased in fat (from 18% to 43%) and protein (from 3% to 7%) concentration. The technology tested has given promising results showing reliability and efficiency in milk separation in real time with affordable implementation costs.

关键词： cheese yield     infrared analysis     milk quality     real-time measurement     sensor    

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REINTEGRATION OF CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE: AN OVERVIEW

Antonius G. T. SCHUT, Emily C. COOLEDGE, Marc MORAINE, Gerrie W. J. VAN DE VEN, Davey L. JONES, David R. CHADWICK

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第1期   页码 111-129 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020373

摘要： Ongoing specialization of crop and livestock systems provides socioeconomic benefits to the farmer but has led to greater externalization of environmental costs when compared to mixed farming systems. Better integration of crop and livestock systems offers great potential to rebalance the economic and environmental trade-offs in both systems. The aims of this study were to analyze changes in farm structure and review and evaluate the potential for reintegrating specialized intensive crop and livestock systems, with specific emphasis on identifying the co-benefits and barriers to reintegration. Historically, animals were essential to recycle nutrients in the farming system but this became less important with the availability of synthetic fertilisers. Although mixed farm systems can be economically attractive, benefits of scale combined with socio-economic factors have resulted in on-farm and regional specialization with negative environmental impacts. Reintegration is therefore needed to reduce nutrient surpluses at farm, regional and national levels, and to improve soil quality in intensive cropping systems. Reintegration offers practical and cost-effective options to widen crop rotations and promotes the use of organic inputs and associated benefits, reducing dependency on synthetic fertilisers, biocides and manure processing costs. Circular agriculture goes beyond manure management and requires adaptation of both food production and consumption patterns, matching local capacity to produce with food demand. Consequently, feed transport, greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient surpluses and nutrient losses to the environment can be reduced. It is concluded that reintegration of specialized farms within a region can provide benefits to farmers but may also lead to further intensification of land use. New approaches within a food system context offer alternatives for reintegration, but require strong policy incentives which show clear, tangible and lasting benefits for farmers, the environment and the wider community.

关键词： circular agriculture     coupled farming systems     mixed farming     specialised farming systems     GHG    

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当前我国灌区节水改造的问题与对策

孙雪涛

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第9期   页码 24-30

摘要：

我国灌区的建设与管理中仍然存在着“重建轻管”、“重灌轻排”的现象，这是长期投入不合理和传统的管理体制所造成的。文章指出在进行大型灌区续建配套与节水改造的过程中，应以建设节水高效灌溉农业为目标，采取国家加大投资力度并调整投资分担比例，进行管理体制的改革，推广科学灌溉并提高用水效率等有力措施，以改变“重建轻管”、“重灌轻排”的现象，使我国灌溉农业得以可持续发展。

关键词： 灌溉     排水     盐碱化     农业     节水高效    

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CLIMATE-CHANGE-INDUCED TEMPORAL VARIATION IN PRECIPITATION INCREASES NITROGEN LOSSES FROM INTENSIVE CROPPING

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第9卷 第3期   页码 457-464 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022452

摘要：

● A simple model was used to evaluate how increasing temporal variability in precipitation influences crop yields and nitrogen losses.

关键词： crop yield     fertilizer timing     nitrogen loss     precipitation variability     toy model    

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太湖流域农业经营集约化管理研究

史健鹏,金苗,任泽,黄贤忠,李旭祥

《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第6期   页码 104-107

摘要：

就解决太湖水体富营养化最主要的污染源——农业面污染源，根据微观经济学原理建立了农业集约化管理模型。以GIS为平台估算其耕地面积和化肥的科学施用量，用SPSS相关性分析当地居民的问卷调查，对集约化管理产生的经济效益和环境效益进行详细分析，得出农业面源污染物总氮、总磷排放比2005年各下降21 %和16 %。结论显示在太湖流域套用集约化管理能够很好地控制农业面污染源，将农业面污染源的问题与实际社会成本、农业体制改革结合，从根本上解决农业面污染源。

关键词： 太湖     农业面源污染     集约化管理     GIS     SPSS    

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秦巴山脉农林畜药绿色循环发展战略研究

刘旭,梅旭荣,杨正礼,杨世琦

《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第5期   页码 24-30 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.05.004

摘要：

秦巴山脉农业发展面临的主要问题是农业发展与生态环境矛盾突出，农业生产方式转变难度大，农业资源的差异化和碎片化影响农业经营规模与布局，农产品特色品种多，但知名品牌少、深加工少、效益差，以及特色农产品销售渠道和平台薄弱等。本文基于秦巴山脉农林畜药发展目标与思路，提出了山地生态环境红线管理与环境质量提升、科教引领、特色农产品品牌打造、基于农牧良性循环的生态农业、林下特色经济、山地特色农产品加工与营销六大战略。

关键词： 秦巴山脉     农林畜药     绿色循环发展     战略    

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开展陆生与水产养殖动物营养感知研究的展望 Perspective

高宗宇, 刘成栋, 麦康森, 何艮

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第23卷 第4期   页码 112-117 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.019

摘要：

饲料在动物生长和健康中扮演着重要的角色，然而决定饲料表现的内在机一直是一个所谓的“黑箱”。直到近年来，研究证明营养素能够作为信号分子被细胞和机体感知，并在调控基因表达和代谢活动中起着至关重要的作用。多条分别感知不同营养素的信号通路被发现，营养感知信号调节也已在临床医学中被广泛用于药物开发与疾病控制。然而，在陆生和水产养殖动物中，对主要营养素（蛋白质、糖脂等）的营养感知和代谢调控的研究仍处于起步阶段。因此，我们针对未来在动物营养学中开展营养感知研究可能的研究主题和应用场景提出设想和建议。

关键词： 营养感知     新陈代谢     陆上养殖动物     水产养殖     动物营养     精确营养    

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High risk factors for pulmonary fungous infection in intensive care units of neurosurgery

ZHU Wenyu, TAN Liping, CHEN Xiangfeng, HUANG Qiang, LAN Qing

《医学前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 299-303 doi: 10.1007/s11684-007-0057-8

摘要： By analyzing the high risk factors for pulmonary fungous infection in intensive care units of neurosurgery, the strategy of early diagnosis and treatment was explored. According to the domestic diagnostic standard on pulmonary fungous infection, clinical data on 58 patients with the infection in our department were analyzed. One hundred and seventeen strains of fungi were separated from the 58 cases. Candidiasis was the most frequent type, accounting for 92.3% of the cases. Conditions such as the severity of primary diseases, long-time coma, long-term use of broad-spectrum antibiotic, abuse of glucocorticoid, the open airway, and some invasive intubations, may be regarded as high risk factors for pulmonary fungous infection. Fluconazole showed good clinical effects on the treatment of fungous infection. To eliminate these high risk factors, early diagnosis and the use of prophylactic antifungal agents can help reduce the incidence of pulmonary fungous infection.

关键词： seventeen     incidence     glucocorticoid     broad-spectrum antibiotic     Candidiasis    

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Carbon capture for decarbonisation of energy-intensive industries: a comparative review of techno-economic

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第9期   页码 1291-1317 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2151-5

摘要： Carbon capture and storage will play a crucial role in industrial decarbonisation. However, the current literature presents a large variability in the techno-economic feasibility of CO2 capture technologies. Consequently, reliable pathways for carbon capture deployment in energy-intensive industries are still missing. This work provides a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art CO2 capture technologies for decarbonisation of the iron and steel, cement, petroleum refining, and pulp and paper industries. Amine scrubbing was shown to be the least feasible option, resulting in the average avoided CO2 cost of between 62.7 €·tCO2−1 for the pulp and paper and 104.6 €·tCO2−1 for the iron and steel industry. Its average equivalent energy requirement varied between 2.7 (iron and steel) and 5.1 MJth⋅kgCO2−1 (cement). Retrofits of emerging calcium looping were shown to improve the overall viability of CO2 capture for industrial decarbonisation. Calcium looping was shown to result in the average avoided CO2 cost of between 32.7 (iron and steel) and 42.9 €·tCO2−1 (cement). Its average equivalent energy requirement varied between 2.0 (iron and steel) and 3.7 MJth⋅kgCO2−1 (pulp and paper). Such performance demonstrated the superiority of calcium looping for industrial decarbonisation. Further work should focus on standardising the techno-economic assessment of technologies for industrial decarbonisation.

关键词： industrial CO2 emissions     CCS deployment     carbonate looping     net-zero industry     carbon capture benchmarks    

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从农场到微生物工程：微生态与过敏性疾病

Dominique Angèle Vuitton, Jean-Charles Dalphin

《工程（英文）》 2017年 第3卷 第1期   页码 98-109 doi: 10.1016/J.ENG.2017.01.019

摘要：

第二次世界大战之后，IgE 依赖性过敏性疾病的发生呈稳步上升趋势，在人类发展史上，这种现象是很罕见的。许多大规模横断面研究、纵向队列研究及基础实验性研究均指出，在生活方式及生活环境的重大演变过程中人类的一些与过敏相关的“保护性因素”正逐渐消失。其中被广泛认可的观念是：肠道微生态在免疫调节方面扮演着重要角色。本文综述了暴露在不同微生物组成的农场环境对过敏性疾病的保护作用。此外，传统生活环境中的微生物如何促进儿童免疫系统的正常发育，以及此种相互作用在现代生活方式下的不可逆性缺失同样被阐明。“农场效应”的保护作用主要包括：母亲怀孕期间或婴儿期接触动物、谷仓、马厩，饮用未加工的牛奶和其他奶制品。除农场环境中的微生物总量之外，微生物的生物多样性似乎对于这种保护也至关重要，这可能归因于农场环境对机体肠道菌群生物多样性的贡献。过敏性疾病专科医生和儿科医生临床应用传统益生菌(如乳杆菌和双岐杆菌)对过敏性疾病的预防作用并未达到满意的预期效果。小鼠呼吸道过敏性疾病模型研究表明，牛棚中存在着对过敏性疾病起重要预防作用的微生物，如鲁氏不动杆菌(A.lwoffii) F78、乳酸乳球菌(L. lactis) G121 和松鼠葡萄球菌(S.sciuri)W620。然而，在对农场环境的卓有成效的研究基础上，研发新一代益生菌仍需要微生物学家、免疫学家和生物工程师以及儿科医生、过敏性疾病专科医生、临床试验专家和伦理委员会之间的密切合作。

关键词： 过敏     农场     生物多样性     免疫调节     微生态     转化研究    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Characterising populations living close to intensive farming and composting facilities in England

期刊论文

LARGE-SCALE FARMING BENEFITS SOIL ACIDIFICATION ALLEVIATION THROUGH IMPROVED FIELD MANAGEMENT IN BANANA

期刊论文

Model for the Coordinated Development of a Circular Economy in China and Its Application to Energy-intensive

Ji-liang Zheng,Chen Zheng,Pan Chen,Ching Yuan Luk

期刊论文

REGIONAL ASSESSMENT OF SOIL NITROGEN MINERALIZATION IN DIVERSE CROPLAND OF A REPRESENTATIVE INTENSIVE

期刊论文

Reducing the environmental footprint of food and farming with Agriculture Green Development

William J. DAVIES, Jianbo SHEN

期刊论文

Evaluation of automated in-line precision dairy farming technology implementation in three dairy farms

Maria CARIA, Giuseppe TODDE, Antonio PAZZONA

期刊论文

REINTEGRATION OF CROP-LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS IN EUROPE: AN OVERVIEW

Antonius G. T. SCHUT, Emily C. COOLEDGE, Marc MORAINE, Gerrie W. J. VAN DE VEN, Davey L. JONES, David R. CHADWICK

期刊论文

当前我国灌区节水改造的问题与对策

孙雪涛

期刊论文

CLIMATE-CHANGE-INDUCED TEMPORAL VARIATION IN PRECIPITATION INCREASES NITROGEN LOSSES FROM INTENSIVE CROPPING

期刊论文

太湖流域农业经营集约化管理研究

史健鹏,金苗,任泽,黄贤忠,李旭祥

期刊论文

秦巴山脉农林畜药绿色循环发展战略研究

刘旭,梅旭荣,杨正礼,杨世琦

期刊论文

开展陆生与水产养殖动物营养感知研究的展望

高宗宇, 刘成栋, 麦康森, 何艮

期刊论文

High risk factors for pulmonary fungous infection in intensive care units of neurosurgery

ZHU Wenyu, TAN Liping, CHEN Xiangfeng, HUANG Qiang, LAN Qing

期刊论文

Carbon capture for decarbonisation of energy-intensive industries: a comparative review of techno-economic

期刊论文

从农场到微生物工程：微生态与过敏性疾病

Dominique Angèle Vuitton, Jean-Charles Dalphin

期刊论文